Breed Profile: French Bulldog

Most historians believe that the French bulldog descended from the English bulldog, whose own ancestry traces back to the mastiff. After the sport of bullbaiting was made illegal, breeders of the bulldog began to diversify: one group of breeders developed a smaller version of the bulldog that weighed about 16–25 pounds (7–11 kg). These smaller bulldogs were favored around the English midlands, and during the Industrial Revolution, artisans from that area moved to France, taking their smaller bulldogs with them. Between 1860 and 1900, these bulldogs became very popular in France, and over time they became known as French bulldogs.

The French bulldog differs from the English bulldog in his smaller size, more exaggerated wrinkles, more markedly bowed legs, and erect, round-tipped “bat” ears rather than the floppy ears of the English bulldog. The breed arrived in America in the late 1800s and was one of the first to be recognized by the American Kennel Club.

The following description is of an “ideal” French bulldog. Not all French bulldogs will fit the description exactly, but that’s not an issue unless you want one who can participate in dog shows.

French bulldogs are adaptable, affectionate, alert, and playful. They make excellent companion dogs and also make good watchdogs because they are often protective of their family and territory. They are best known, however, as the clowns of the canine breeds.

Here are some traits to consider when determining how well a French bulldog is going to fit in with you and your family.

Bred to serve predominantly as companion dogs, French bulldogs are very devoted to their owners. Your French bulldog will want to spend a great deal of time with you and will have a strong desire to please you. French bulldogs are always ready for a game, and with proper socialization, they will be happy to play with new people as well as family members. They also are good with children, as long as the children are instructed on the proper way to interact with a dog.

French bulldogs are indoor dogs and do not tolerate extreme temperatures well. They should not be left outside in very cold weather for more than a few minutes, and they have a tendency to overheat in warmer weather, especially when playing or exercising. They are well-suited for apartment life given their small size and low exercise requirements, and ideally should live with an owner who will be home frequently to spend time with them.

French bulldogs don’t require much exercise and should not exercise outdoors in hot weather, as they can suffer from heat exhaustion. They can be sufficiently exercised with indoor games and occasional walks outside in mild weather. French bulldogs are prone to respiratory problems because of their flat faces and short noses, so some may have difficulty breathing after even moderate exercise.

French bulldogs can be willful and stubborn on occasion, so they are not one of the easier breeds to train. However, they respond well to positive reinforcement, and their craving for attention can be an aid when training. With patience and consistency, your French bulldog can and should learn basic obedience commands and canine manners.