Organic Fish

The NOP’s regulations do not cover fish; as a result, fish can’t be certified as organic in the United States. However, many of the same issues that surround other meat consumption also apply to fish.

Health Considerations

Antibiotics: Farmed fish are often fed antibiotics to prevent disease. Some organic advocates fear that this practice may result in more antibiotic- resistant diseases.
Naturally occurring contaminants: Certain pred-atory fish contain high levels of mercury, as well as chemicals called PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) and dioxins, which have been shown to cause birth defects, impair cognitive development, and increase rates of cardiovascular disease.

Fish with High Levels of Mercury

Fish		Mean Mercury Level (parts per million)
Tilefish (a.k.a. golden bass or golden snapper)		1.45
Shark		0.99
Swordfish		0.97
King mackerel		0.73

According to the FDA, young children, pregnant women, or women who are planning to become pregnant should not eat these fish. Other people should restrict their consumption to seven ounces per week.

Environmental Considerations

The dramatic rise in human fish consumption over the last 30 years has taken a toll on the environment. Wild fish populations have plummeted as a result of overfishing, and many species are in danger of becoming extinct. As a response to this problem, the fish industry began creating farms where fish are kept in enclosed areas and bred to keep pace with the growing demand for fish.

Unfortunately, these farms have introduced a new set of environmental problems. Many farms create excess waste that often seeps back into the ocean, destroying the natural habitat of wild fish. Farmed fish also become more prone to diseases from living in such confined spaces surrounded by waste and feces. When these fish escape into the ocean and breed with wild fish, these diseases spread rapidly.

Recommendations

If you’re interested in organic fish: Though fish can’t be certified organic, you are likely to encounter fish labeled as organic from time to time. This fish is generally farmed and fed organic feed pellets and possibly raised in roomier and cleaner swimming pens. None of these claims can be substantiated, however, so be wary of spending extra money on organic fish.
If you’re concerned about mercury and other chemicals: Fish at the bottom of the food chain, such as flounder, catfish, cod, and pollock, tend to have lower levels of mercury and other contaminants.
If you’re on a tight food budget: Fish, like fruits and vegetables, have distinct seasons of availability. Buying fish when they are in season and more plentiful will save you money.

Where to Buy Organic Fish

Supermarkets
Independent fishmongers
Health food and natural food stores
Food cooperatives

Acknowledgments & Disclaimer

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